Democracy index for Africa, 2010

ABSTRACT

Natural resource-based conflicts continue to occur in different parts of Nigeria with negative implications. This study investigated the phenomena of natural resource conflicts vis-à-vis their propensities to impact political economy and national security negatively. Data for the study were sourced from theoretical and empirical evidence. Empirical data were sourced from existing studies selected on the basis on their relevance to the study and analysed based on their content. The limitation to this approach is the obsolete and subjective nature of some the literature. This limitation was, however, addressed among others through the author’s knowledge of the issues under study. The study found that Nigeria is enmeshed in conflict over ownership, distribution, access to or competition over natural resources such as petroleum resources and agricultural land and these conflicts have undermined democracy, human rights, the economy and the nation’s security. The paper identified poor resource governance, environmental factors and poor political leadership as the causes and drivers of these conflicts. It recommends natural resource governance among others, as a way out of the problem.     

临近空间飞艇内部自然对流的流场特征仿真研究

针对临近空间飞艇,对其内部氦气的自然对流特征进行了数值模拟。首先采用计算流体力学方法,并利用自编的用户自定义函数将外部的温度边界条件导入壁面网格。进而,在不同的稳态条件下,通过对内部氦气压力、温度、速度的分布等流场特征参数的研究,分析了临近空间飞艇内部气体自然对流的运动特性及其影响规律,并对自然对流非稳态变化过程进行了初步的探索。仿真结果表明,在临近空间环境下,飞艇内部氦气的自然对流,对于内部氦气自身的热交换具有一定程度的促进作用,而对蒙皮受力和结构安全性影响很小。     

From adversity to prosperity

This article interrogates the continuing relevance of the contractarian governance paradigm to resource governance and the impact of exploitation on the local population and environment in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Zimbabwe and Ghana. It highlights the susceptibilities of their governance processes, particularly the roles of the elites of the host communities, the multinational corporations, and the governing authorities in appropriating resources for their personal interests, resulting in tensions and conflicts. This scenario is borne out of inept leadership, as well as the defective and compromised administrative mechanisms operational in these countries. In view of this, the article underscores the need for a ‘new governance management paradigm’ anchored on a communitarian framework, which incorporates all stakeholders, to guarantee sustainable peace and prosperity, particularly in conflict zones. The article therefore concludes that achieving a nexus between forestry, mining activities and economic development in these countries will require a restructuring of the existing governance mechanisms; and advocates for a new governance model capable of curbing the excesses of local and foreign hegemony, including a total overhaul of the seemingly compromised supervising authority.     

自然语言形式化研究中几个基本问题的再认识

针对目前自然语言形式化研究中存在的问题 ,就歧义性、形式化与系统模型等几个基本问题做了进一步的分析与讨论。认为 :歧义性有狭义与广义之分 ,有层次之分 ,又有形式化与非形式化之分 ,确定它们的界线是很重要的。如何使系统体现出自然语言的个性化是目前形式化研究中应引起注意的一个关键问题 ,为此还提出一个系统结构模型。     

高校自然博物馆建设中的特色问题

自然博物馆的建设主要包括前期准备、概念设计、详细设计和布展几个主要过程。为避免类似博物馆间出现雷同的问题,强调每个博物馆要突出自身的特点。在石大动物馆的建设中,突出的特点就是新疆的特色珍稀动物。     

Can Afghanistan avoid the Natural Resource Curse?

Recent discoveries of significant mineral deposits offer Afghanistan the opportunity to attain a level of economic development sufficient to stabilize that country's volatile security situation while providing Afghans with a reasonable standard of living. Much, however, depends on whether Afghanistan can avoid the “Natural Resource Curse,” an inter-related set of economic and social pathologies that often bedevil resource-endowed countries. In this article, the authors describe the Natural Resource Curse, evaluate the obstacles it raises for Afghan economic development, and offer a strategy to minimize the risks Afghanistan faces in its efforts to exploit its mineral wealth for the benefit of the population.     

黄葛增压站噪声治理工艺措施

为解决黄葛增压站内4台室外整体式天然气压缩机组造成的噪声污染问题,结合生产运行要求、周边环境状况、噪声源分布及噪声特性,综合吸声、隔声、消声、阻尼减振、通风和泄压等技术,采用半密闭式降噪厂房和阻抗复合排气消声器等治理措施。治理后厂界噪声从64.2～72.1 dB(A)降至49.7～55.0 dB(A),距厂房最近厂界25 Hz声压值从97.9 dB降至84.2 dB,排气消声器出口噪声从84.3 dB(A)降至72.6 dB(A)且25Hz声压值从124.7 dB降至97 dB。厂界噪声达到GB 12348—2008《工业企业厂界环境噪声排放标准》3类要求,中、低频噪声强度减弱,解决了厂界噪声超标和噪声扰民问题。同时,为整体式天然气压缩机组噪声治理开辟了一条新途径,为日后降噪厂房和阻抗复合排气消声器广泛应用奠定了实践基础,为压缩机组噪声治理设计积累了宝贵经验。     

火灾现场勘验中危险因素探究

火灾现场勘验中存在多种危险因素,严重威胁着勘验人员的人身安全。对倒塌、烟气和触电等火灾现场中几种常见的危险因素,在深入分析其形成机理和危害特征的基础上,有针对性地提出了各种危险因素的预防措施。     

人机共融的远程态势智能感知系统

针对人与远程无人设备协同精准配合的迫切需求,以机器人操作系统为基础构建了一种人机共融的远程态势感知系统,并开展了实验与分析。该系统以视觉定位技术为基础,以人机感知共融为切入点,通过实时三维场景重建技术与场景一致性融合方法,将无人设备探测到的环境及目标信息进行三维重构,并通过增强现实设备进行显示,与人的视觉信息进行一致性融合,实现无GPS条件下远程无人设备与人所佩戴的增强现实设备之间的协同定位。实验结果表明,系统在近距离时具有较好的人机协同定位准确度,定位精度随着距离的增加而逐渐降低。所构建的系统使无人设备成为人眼的延伸,在不干扰人员正常行动的情况下实现了穿障碍、跨视距的感知能力,在未来信息化作战中可发挥重要作用。     

DTM在坦克视景仿真中的应用

介绍了DTM的结构、数据处理.针对坦克射击模拟器的要求,利用DTM,建立一套三维地形.以微机图形工作站为主要开发平台,建立在真实地为基础上的视景模拟逼真度得以提高.